<p class="ql-block"><b>1. 名詞/主格代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">這種構(gòu)成形式，其內(nèi)部的邏輯主語是分詞的動作執(zhí)行者，分詞表示的動作不是整句主語發(fā)出的動作，而是其邏輯主語發(fā)出的動作。如：</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">①<b>The girl staring at him</b>, he didn't know what to say.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">=As the girl stared at him, he didn't know what to say.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">姑娘兩眼望著他，他不知道說什么好。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">②<b>Time permitting</b>, we will go for an outing tomorrow.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">= If time permits, we will go for an outing tomorrow.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">如果時間允許的話，我們明天去郊游。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">更多例句：</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ Her heart still racing</b>, she reached over and turned up the oil lamp that rested beside her canopied bed.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ Weather permitting</b>, we are going to visit you tomorrow.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ Time going on</b>, everything has changed.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ The final exam drawing near</b>, your parents will not properly allow you to listen to music.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>2. 名詞/主格代詞+過去分詞</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">該構(gòu)成形式，內(nèi)部的邏輯主語是分詞的動作承受者。如：</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">①<b>The problems solved</b>, the quality has been improved.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">=As the problems were solved, the quality has been improved.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">隨著問題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">②<b>Her glasses broken</b>, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">=Because her glasses were broken, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">由于眼鏡摔壞了，她看不見黑板上的字。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">更多例句：</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ </b>He played the piano intently, <b>eyes closed</b>.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ The signal given</b>, the train started.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ New words explained</b>, the text became easier for us to learn.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ The test finished</b>, we began our holiday.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ The president assassinated</b>, the whole country was in deep sorrow.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ The work done</b>, we went home.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>3. 名詞/主格代詞+形容詞</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">此結(jié)構(gòu)常用來說明名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)、特征或所處的狀態(tài)。如：</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">①An air accident happened to the plane, <b>nobody alive</b>.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">那架飛機遭遇了空難，無一人生還。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">②<b>So many people absent</b>, the meeting had to be called off.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">這么多人缺席，會議不得不取消。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">更多例句：</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ </b>He entered the room, <b>his nose red with cold</b>.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ </b> He sat in the front row, <b>his mouth half open</b>.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ Conditions better</b>, the patient can leave the hospital.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ Sunday OK</b>, we'd like to go outing.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>4. 名詞/主格代詞+副詞</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">此結(jié)構(gòu)常用來說明名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)、特征或所處的狀態(tài)。如：</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">①He put on his sweater, <b>wrong side out</b>.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">他把毛衣穿反了。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">②<b>The meeting over</b>, they all went home.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">會議一結(jié)束，他們就都回家了。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">更多例句：</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ Dinner over</b>, we decided to play bridge.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ The play still on</b>, you can wait a while.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>5. 名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">該結(jié)構(gòu)常用來說明名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)、特征或所處的狀態(tài)。如：</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">The boy goes to the classroom, <b>book in hand</b>.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">The boy goes to the classroom, and a book was in his hand.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">那男孩手里拿著書去教室。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">注意：</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">使用介詞的問題：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，由名詞+介詞短語構(gòu)成，若介詞是in時，一般說來，其前后的兩個名詞均不加任何附加成分，如物主代詞或冠詞，也不用復(fù)數(shù)。如：</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">①The old man stood under a large tree, <b>pipe in mouth</b>.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">那個老人站在大樹下，口里含著煙斗。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">②Two militiamen quickly passed by us, <b>rifle in hand</b>.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">兩個民兵手里拿著步槍，迅速地從我們旁邊走過去。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">③A robber burst into the room, <b>knife in hand</b>.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">一個強盜手持鋼刀沖進(jìn)了房間。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">〖注〗如果是其他介詞則沒有這種限定。如：</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">He came out of the library, <b>a large book under his arm</b>.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">他從圖書館出來，腋下夾著一大本書。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">更多例句：</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ </b> The boy followed the nobleman here, <b>sword in hand</b>.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ </b> He left the office, <b>tears in eyes</b>.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ </b> He went off, <b>gun in hand</b>.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>6. 名詞/主格代詞+名詞</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">①<b>His first shot failure</b>, he fired again.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">他第一槍沒擊中，又打了一槍。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">②Two hundred people died in the accident, <b>many of them children</b>.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">兩百人死于事故，其中有許多兒童。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">③The doctor has two daughters, <b>one a nurse</b>, <b>the other an engineer</b>.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">那位醫(yī)生有兩個女兒，一位是護(hù)士，一位是工程師。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>7. 名詞/主格代詞+不定式（表示將來）</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主動關(guān)系，且強調(diào)的是一次具體性的動作。如：</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">①He is going to make a model plane, <b>some old parts to help</b>.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">借助于一些舊零件，他要做一個飛機模型。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">②They said good-bye to each other, <b>one to go home</b>, <b>the other to go to the bookstore</b>.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">他們道別后，一個回了家，一個去了書店。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">③He suggested going for a picnic, <b>Mary to provide the food</b>.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">他建議去野餐，瑪麗來提供食物。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>8. There being+名詞（代詞）</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>①There being nothing else to do</b>, we went home.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">沒有別的事可做，我們就回家了。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>②There being no further business</b>, I declare the meeting closed.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">沒有再要討論的事了，我宣布散會。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">更多例句：</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ There being no bus</b>, we had to walk home.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>→ There being no money at hand</b>, he had to borrow some to buy his wife a present.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>9. It being +名詞（代詞）</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">①<b>It being Christmas</b>, the government offices were closed.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故，政府機關(guān)都休息。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">②<b>It being a holiday</b>, all the shops were shut.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">③<b>It being Sunday</b>, the library doesn't open.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">總之，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)看似復(fù)雜，其實不然，它都有一定的結(jié)構(gòu)和規(guī)律可循。如果能將以上各種形式靈活運用于讀后續(xù)寫的寫作之中，肯定能使續(xù)寫更加生動，成為提分的利器！</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p>