<h3>Start of Winter, or Lidong?in Chinese, is the 19th of China's 24 solar terms and the first for the winter.</h3></br><h3>立冬，中國(guó)二十四節(jié)氣中第十九個(gè)節(jié)氣，也是冬季的第一個(gè)節(jié)氣。</h3></br><h3>立冬為什么叫“Start of?Winter”，而不是“Beginning?of?Winter”。</h3></br><h3>有一種解釋是這樣的，start和beginning是近義詞，但start “<strong>has the sense of being a fixed point in time</strong>(指時(shí)間上某個(gè)固定的點(diǎn))”，而beginning?“<strong>could possibly refer to any time between the start and the halfway point</strong>(可以指從起點(diǎn)到中點(diǎn)之間的任何時(shí)間)”。</h3></br><h3>立冬、立春、立夏、立秋，都是節(jié)氣中固定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，所以用start更合適。<br></br></h3></br><h3>It usually occurs on November 7-8 when the sun’s elliptical longitude reaches 225 degrees leading to decreasing solar radiation in the northern hemisphere. The surface temperature stays warm on sunny days, yet cold spells regularly hit the country with winds from the north that are often accompanied by rain and snows.</h3></br><h3>立冬的日期通常在每年11月7日至8日，此時(shí)太陽(yáng)黃經(jīng)達(dá)到225度，導(dǎo)致北半球的日照減少。在晴天，地表溫度能保持溫暖，然而寒冷氣候常伴隨著來(lái)自北方的風(fēng)，裹挾著雨雪襲擊我國(guó)。</h3></br><h3> <h3>Just as its name indicates, Start of Winter declares the beginning of winter in Chinese culture, yet not necessarily the meteorological winter.</h3></br><h3>正如其名稱所示，在中國(guó)文化中，立冬宣告冬天的開(kāi)始，但不一定是氣象意義中的冬天。</h3></br><h3>A Chinese proverb describes the days after?Start of Winter as the “three periods of waiting” — waiting for the water to turn ice, waiting for the earth to freeze, and waiting for the pheasants to disappear and big clam of similar colors to show up at the seaside.</h3></br><h3>中國(guó)諺語(yǔ)將立冬后的物候變化描述為“三候”—— 一候，水始冰；二候，地始凍；三候，雉入大水為蜃。</h3></br> <p class="ql-block">Worshiping ancestors</p><p class="ql-block"><b>祭祀</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">Start of Winter used to be a big day in China. The emperor would fast for three days before its arrival and then lead a procession of officials in black dresses, black accessories, horses and flags to the suburban regions. They would perform big rituals to welcome the arrival of Winter God.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">立冬在中國(guó)曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)重要的日子?；实蹠?huì)在立冬到來(lái)前齋戒三天，然后帶領(lǐng)一隊(duì)身著黑色衣冠、騎著黑色駿馬、擎著黑色旗幟的官員前往遠(yuǎn)郊，舉行大型祭祀儀式迎接冬神的到來(lái)。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">The emperor would also honor heroes who sacrificed themselves for the nation, comfort and compensate their families, pray for protection for their spirit and encourage the people to always defend the nation.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">皇帝還會(huì)緬懷為國(guó)犧牲的英雄，安撫補(bǔ)償烈士家屬，祈求上蒼保佑烈士們的魂靈，激勵(lì)人民永遠(yuǎn)為國(guó)而戰(zhàn)。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <h3>In Liaoning Province where there is a big number of Manchu residents, ancestor-worshiping rituals are held annually.</h3></br><h3>在滿族人口眾多的遼寧省，每年立冬這天，都會(huì)舉行祭祖儀式。</h3></br><h3>Dancers dressed up as Tiger God perform in and outside the house, on the roofs, ladders and house beams.</h3></br><h3>舞者裝扮成虎神，在房子內(nèi)外、屋頂、梯子和房梁上表演。</h3></br><h3>Rich Manchu families with high social status cook three pigs to worship heaven, ancestors and one particular goddess; middle-class families cook 21 chickens, while ordinary households cook seven chickens.</h3></br><h3>富裕的滿族貴族家庭會(huì)宰殺三口豬，分別用來(lái)祭天、祭祖、祭“歪梨娘娘”。中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭會(huì)宰殺21只雞，而普通家庭則會(huì)宰殺7只雞。</h3></br> <p class="ql-block">Eating rich food for winter</p><p class="ql-block"><b>補(bǔ)冬</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">To keep the body warm and strong in the winter cold, many people would eat foods with rich proteins, chicken, duck, fish and meat are especially popular.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">為了在寒冷的冬天里讓身體保持溫暖、強(qiáng)壯，人們會(huì)多吃富含蛋白質(zhì)的食物，雞、鴨、魚(yú)、肉尤其受歡迎。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">The rich food would often be cooked along with herbs like angelica, ligusticum, peony and radix rehmanniae.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">這些營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的食物通常與當(dāng)歸、川芎、牡丹皮和生地黃等草藥一起烹飪。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <h3>Mutton pot is in huge demand in many regions in China around Start of Winter. People in north China have a tradition of eating dumplings.</h3></br><h3>立冬前后，羊肉火鍋在中國(guó)許多地區(qū)的需求量都很大。中國(guó)北方人有立冬吃餃子的傳統(tǒng)。</h3></br><h3>In Yangtze River Delta region, people stuff themselves with sticky rice ball filled with sweet bean paste, turnip, lard oil and soy sauce.</h3></br><h3>在長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)，人們會(huì)吃包著豆沙、蘿卜、豬油和醬油的糯米團(tuán)子。</h3></br><h3>In Chaoshan, Guangdong Province, people believe that eating sugarcane on Start of Winter can protect teeth and reinforce body.</h3></br><h3>在廣東潮汕，人們認(rèn)為立冬吃甘蔗可以保護(hù)牙齒，使身體強(qiáng)壯。</h3></br> <p class="ql-block">Making winter wine</p><p class="ql-block"><b>釀冬酒</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">Start of Winter is a good day to start making yellow wine in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, as the water is usually clearer around this time while the low temperature restricts the growth of germs — perfect for the flavor during the fermenting process.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">立冬是浙江紹興人開(kāi)始釀造黃酒的好日子，因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)水更清澈，同時(shí)低溫限制了細(xì)菌的生長(zhǎng)——是釀造美味的絕佳時(shí)機(jī)。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> The 120 days from Start of Winter to the Start of Spring is believed to be the best time for making yellow wine. The Shaoxing locals call it?“winter brew.”從立冬到立春的120天，是釀造黃酒的最佳時(shí)間。紹興當(dāng)?shù)厝朔Q這段時(shí)間為冬釀。那么形容特別特別冷，英語(yǔ)中有哪些說(shuō)法呢？一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下吧~chilly<h3>chilly意為“<strong>寒冷的，涼颼颼的</strong>”，</h3></br><h3>可以用來(lái)形容<strong>天氣、房間或人體</strong>：</h3></br><h3>The?bathroom?gets?chilly?in the?winter.</h3></br>冬天浴室變得很冷。I?felt?a?bit?chilly?so I put on a?jacket.我覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)冷，所以就穿了件夾克衫。a?chilly?October?day10月寒氣襲人的一天chilly還可以表示“<strong>冷淡的，不友好的</strong>”。<h3>I went to?see?the?sales?manager?but got a?rather?chilly?reception.</h3></br><h3>我去見(jiàn)銷售經(jīng)理，可是卻受到了冷遇。</h3></br><strong>chilly的詞根是chill</strong>，可以做動(dòng)詞表示“<strong>使寒冷，變冷</strong>”，作名詞表示“<strong>寒冷，寒意</strong>”，也可以作形容詞，比如a chill wind（一股寒風(fēng)），a chill greeting（冷冰冰的問(wèn)候）。<strong>chilling?</strong>則有另外一層意思：<strong>令人不寒而栗的，令人毛骨悚然的。</strong><h3>a?chilling?tale</h3></br><h3>令人毛骨悚然的故事</h3></br><h3>The monument stands as a?chilling?reminder of man's inhumanity to man.</h3></br><h3>紀(jì)念碑聳立著，寒氣逼人，提醒著人們?nèi)祟悓?duì)自己同類的慘無(wú)人道。</h3></br>freezing/frozen<strong>freezing</strong>是<strong>freeze的現(xiàn)在分詞</strong>，意為“<strong>extremely cold</strong>”（極冷的），可以用來(lái)形容<strong>人或人的身體部位</strong>，也可以用來(lái)形容其他事物。固定用法“It’s freezing”?可以用來(lái)指天氣或當(dāng)時(shí)所處環(huán)境的寒冷。<h3>After walking through the snow, my feet were freezing。</h3></br><h3>從雪地里走過(guò)后，我的腳冷得要命。</h3></br><h3>I had to wait for hours on the?freezing?cold station platform.?</h3></br><h3>我得在極度寒冷的站臺(tái)上等幾個(gè)小時(shí)。</h3></br><strong>frozen</strong>是<strong>freeze的過(guò)去分詞</strong>，<strong>frozen</strong>或者frozen stiff 意為“<strong>凍僵了</strong>”，專門用來(lái)形容<strong>人或人的身體部位</strong>。<h3>I'm?frozen- could you close the window??</h3></br><h3>我太冷了，你能關(guān)上窗戶嗎？</h3></br><h3>I got?frozen?stiff?waiting at the bus stop.?</h3></br><h3>在公交車站等車，我都凍僵了。</h3></br>arcticarctic表示“<strong>北極的，寒帶的；極其寒冷的</strong>”。作為名詞時(shí)，<strong>the Arctic指“北極，北極地區(qū)”</strong>。不過(guò)要注意，<strong>北極熊</strong>不是arctic bear，而是<strong>polar bea</strong>r哦~The North of England has been experiencing?Arctic conditions?these past few days.過(guò)去的幾天里，英格蘭北部天氣極其寒冷。bitingbiting多用來(lái)形容<strong>寒風(fēng)刺骨的、凜冽的</strong>。也可以用來(lái)形容<strong>說(shuō)話刻薄、辛辣</strong>。<h3>a?biting?wind??刺骨的寒風(fēng)<br></br></h3></br><h3>biting?cold??嚴(yán)寒</h3></br><h3>He made some?biting?remarks about the whole occasion.</h3></br><h3>他對(duì)整個(gè)事件作了尖銳的評(píng)論。</h3></br>bitter“bitter”常用意思是“<strong>苦的</strong>”，也可以表示<strong>天氣嚴(yán)寒</strong>，尤其指那種<strong>極度的、令人不舒服的寒冷</strong>（extremely cold and unpleasant）?！?lt;strong>bitterly cold</strong>”也可以表達(dá)相同的意思。<h3>a?bitter?wind??刺骨的寒風(fēng)<br></br></h3></br><h3>Wrap up warmly -?it's?bitter?outside.</h3></br><h3>穿暖和些——外面特別冷。</h3></br>frostyfrosty表示“<strong>嚴(yán)寒的；霜凍的</strong>”，也可以指“<strong>（某人或其行為）冰冷的，冷淡的</strong>”。<h3>The?frosty?air?stung?my?cheeks.</h3></br><h3>冰冷的空氣刺痛了我的雙頰。</h3></br><h3>He gave me a?frosty?look.</h3></br><h3>他冷冷地看了我一眼。</h3></br>nippynippy意為“<strong>（天氣或空氣）寒冷的</strong>”，其動(dòng)詞nip本身意為“捏、掐”，作為<strong>名詞</strong>，<strong>a nip (in the air)</strong>可以用來(lái)<strong>表示“寒冷，嚴(yán)寒”</strong>。<h3>It's a little?nippy?today - you might need a?coat.</h3></br><h3>今天有點(diǎn)冷——你可能得加件外套。</h3></br><h3>You can?tell?winter's on?its?way - there's a?real?nip?in the?air?in the?mornings.</h3></br><h3>你可以感覺(jué)到冬天即將來(lái)臨——早晨頗感寒氣襲人。</h3></br>brass monkeysbrass monkeys可不是字面上的“銅猴子”，而是來(lái)自于英式英語(yǔ)中的“brass monkey weather”。俚語(yǔ)brass monkey起源于一句話：“It's cold enough to freeze the tail off a brass monkey?！保ɡ涞侥馨雁~猴子的尾巴凍掉）在維多利亞女王時(shí)代，黃銅制作的猴子小雕像是客廳和起居室里非常流行的小擺設(shè)，通常三只猴子為一套，各自擺出不同的造型：一位雙手捂眼做慘不忍睹狀，一位雙手捂嘴做噤若寒蟬狀，一位雙手捂耳做置若罔聞狀。這三只猴子代表著古訓(xùn)“see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil”，即“非禮勿說(shuō)、非禮勿視、非禮勿聽(tīng)”。冷得把銅像的尾巴都凍掉了，自然就是非常冷了！<h3>It's?brass?monkey?weather?today.?You'd?better?wrap?up?warm!?</h3></br><h3>今天真是冷得要命，你最好穿暖和點(diǎn)。</h3></br>