<p class="ql-block">Virginia Woolf’s published work 《飛蛾之死》和灰蛾的圖片</p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size: 22px;">Author</b><span style="font-size: 20px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size: 20px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20px; color: rgb(176, 79, 187);"> </span><b style="font-size: 20px; color: rgb(176, 79, 187);">Virginia Woolf</b><span style="font-size: 20px;"> (1882-1941) is widely regarded as one of the foremost British modernist writers of the early 20th century. She was born in London in 1882, daughter of Leslie Stephen, an eminent literary critic and the founder of the </span><i style="font-size: 20px;">Dictionary of National Biography</i><span style="font-size: 20px;">. Following the death of her father in 1904, Woolf moved with her sister Vanessa and two brothers to a house in Bloomsbury, where they formed the nucleus of what was to be known as the Bloomsbury ?Group. In 1905 Woolf began to write for the </span><i style="font-size: 20px;">Times Literary Supplement</i><span style="font-size: 20px;"> almost until her death. In 1912 she married the political theorist and critic Leonard Woolf, and together they founded the Hogarth Press in 1917. Her first novel,</span><i style="font-size: 20px;"> The Voyage Out</i><span style="font-size: 20px;">, was published in 1915. Although realistic in form, it already foreshadows the lyrical intensity of her later works. Her third novel, </span><i style="font-size: 20px;">Jacob’s Room</i><span style="font-size: 20px;"> (1922), blazes a new path in the art of fiction with its indirect narration and poetic Impressionism. Shortly afterwards, she published one of her most famous essays, “Mr Bennett and Mrs Brown, ” criticising the realism of Arnold Bennett and advocating a more fluid, internal approach to the problem of characterisation and so forth. This and her subsequent major novels, </span><i style="font-size: 20px;">Mrs Dalloway</i><span style="font-size: 20px;"> (1925), </span><i style="font-size: 20px;">To the Lighthouse</i><span style="font-size: 20px;"> (1927), and </span><i style="font-size: 20px;">The Waves</i><span style="font-size: 20px;"> (1931) established Woolf as one of the leading writers of modernism. Her other novels include </span><i style="font-size: 20px;">Orlando</i><span style="font-size: 20px;"> (1928), </span><i style="font-size: 20px;">The Years</i><span style="font-size: 20px;"> (1937), and </span><i style="font-size: 20px;">Between the Acts</i><span style="font-size: 20px;"> (1941). Woolf was also a prolific essayist and literary critic, publishing around 500 essays in periodicals and collections such as </span><i style="font-size: 20px;">The Common Reader</i><span style="font-size: 20px;"> (1925; 2nd series, 1932), the posthumous the </span><i style="font-size: 20px;">The Death of the Moth</i><span style="font-size: 20px;"> (1942), </span><i style="font-size: 20px;">The Captain’s Death Bed </i><span style="font-size: 20px;">(1950), and</span><i style="font-size: 20px;"> Granite and Rainbow</i><span style="font-size: 20px;"> (1958</span><span style="font-size: 18px;">).</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size: 18px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20px;"> Virginia Woolf remains a cynosure of widespread scholarly and lay interest to date. Many of her experimental techniques and narrative styles, such as the use of stream of consciousness, interior monologue, and the deliberate breakage of linear chronological sequence, have been absorbed into the mainstream of fiction. However, it is noteworthy that Woolf is likewise concerned with public affairs and human conditions at large. The upsurge of feminist criticism from the 1970s onwards succeeded in bringing more attention to Woolf’s novels, sometimes to the extent of pigeonholing her as a feminist pioneer. </span><i style="font-size: 20px;">A Room of One’s Own</i><span style="font-size: 20px;"> (1929) has become a classic of the feminist movement. Recent Woolfian studies have become more varied, promising more subtle and comprehensive understanding of her works, aesthetics, and her contribution to literature as a unique writer. </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size: 20px;"> Virginia Woolf suffered from mental disorder and ill health since she was very young. The last of her attacks of mental illness led to her drowning herself in the Ouse river, near her country house at Rodmell, Sussex in 1941.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size: 18px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size: 22px;">作者</span></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="color: rgb(176, 79, 187);"> 弗吉尼亞·伍爾夫</b>(1882-1941)被廣泛認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)初英國最重要的現(xiàn)代主義作家之一。她于1882年出生于倫敦，父親是著名的文學(xué)評(píng)論家、《國家傳記詞典》的創(chuàng)始人萊斯利·斯蒂芬。1904年父親去世后，伍爾夫和姐姐凡妮莎以及兩個(gè)兄弟搬到了布盧姆茨伯里的一所房子里，他們組成了后來被稱為布盧姆茨伯里派的核心。1905年，伍爾夫開始為《泰晤士報(bào)文學(xué)副刊》撰稿，直到去世。1912年，她嫁給了政治理論家和批評(píng)家倫納德·伍爾夫，并于1917年一起創(chuàng)立了<span style="font-size: 18px;">賀加斯出版社。</span>她的第一部小說《遠(yuǎn)航》于1915年出版。雖然它的形式現(xiàn)實(shí)，已經(jīng)預(yù)示了她后期作品的抒情強(qiáng)度。她的第三部小說《雅各布的房間》(1922)以間接敘事和詩意印象派為小說藝術(shù)開辟了一條新道路。不久之后，她發(fā)表了她最著名的一篇文章《班尼特先生和布朗夫人》，批評(píng)阿諾德·班尼特的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義，主張用一種更流暢、更內(nèi)在的方法來處理人物刻畫等問題。這本書和她后來的主要小說《達(dá)洛維夫人》(1925)、《到燈塔去》(1927)和《海浪》(1931)確立了伍爾夫作為現(xiàn)代主義主要作家之一的地位。她的其他小說包括《奧蘭多》(1928)、《歲月》(1937)，以及《幕間》(1941)。伍爾夫還是一個(gè)多產(chǎn)的散文家和文學(xué)評(píng)論家，出版大約500篇文章發(fā)表在期刊和文集上，如1925年的《普通讀者》;（續(xù)集II，1932)，死后出版的《飛蛾之死》(1942)，《船長(zhǎng)的死床》(1950)和《花崗巖與彩虹》(1958)。</p><p class="ql-block"> 弗吉尼亞·伍爾夫至今仍是學(xué)術(shù)界和社會(huì)各界廣泛關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)人物。她的許多實(shí)驗(yàn)性手法和敘事風(fēng)格，如意識(shí)流的運(yùn)用、內(nèi)心獨(dú)白、刻意打破線性時(shí)間順序等，都被主流小說所吸收。然而，值得注意的是，伍爾夫同樣關(guān)注公共事務(wù)和人類的普遍狀況。從20世紀(jì)70年代開始，女權(quán)主義批評(píng)的高潮成功地讓人們對(duì)伍爾夫的小說產(chǎn)生了更多的關(guān)注，有時(shí)甚至到了把她歸類為女權(quán)主義先驅(qū)的程度。《一個(gè)人的房間》(1929)已成為女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的經(jīng)典之作。近年來，對(duì)伍爾夫的研究變得更加多樣化，使得人們對(duì)她的作品、美學(xué)以及她作為一個(gè)獨(dú)特的作家對(duì)文學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)有了更加微妙和全面的理解。</p><p class="ql-block"> 弗吉尼亞·伍爾夫從很小的時(shí)候起就患有精神障礙和疾病。1941年，她在蘇塞克斯郡羅德梅爾的鄉(xiāng)間別墅附近，最后一次精神疾病發(fā)作導(dǎo)致她在烏斯河中溺亡。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">伍爾夫的生平</p> <p class="ql-block">本文選自復(fù)旦大學(xué)出版社出版，由陸谷孫、丁俊、朱績(jī)崧、張楠選編的《20篇:英美現(xiàn)當(dāng)代散文》（修訂版）</p> <p class="ql-block">飛蛾的生命周期</p> <p class="ql-block">Paragraph 1 </p> <p class="ql-block">中文譯文（第一段）</p> <p class="ql-block">Paragraph 2</p> <p class="ql-block">Paragraph 2</p> <p class="ql-block">第二、三、四段中文譯文</p> <p class="ql-block">Paragraph 3 </p> <p class="ql-block">Paragraph 4</p> <p class="ql-block">Paragraph 5</p> <p class="ql-block">Continued. 未完待續(xù)。</p> <p class="ql-block">雙語朗讀by Brenda Li </p>