Picture Walk(圖片環(huán)游)——英語(yǔ)繪本閱讀教學(xué)模式與方法1

英語(yǔ)跨學(xué)科主題學(xué)習(xí)課題組

什么是“圖片環(huán)游”？ <ul class="ql-block"><li>圖片環(huán)游是一種適合小學(xué)中低年級(jí)的閱讀教學(xué)方法，在分享閱讀教學(xué)中應(yīng)用較多，是教師和學(xué)生共度故事，合作建構(gòu)意義的過(guò)程。</li></ul> <ul class="ql-block"><li>教師帶著學(xué)生瀏覽圖書的封面、封底和扉頁(yè)，并基于封面信息初步預(yù)測(cè)圖書內(nèi)容。</li></ul> <ul class="ql-block"><li>翻開(kāi)圖書，教師再帶著學(xué)生根據(jù)圖片信息和學(xué)生已有只是判斷所推測(cè)信息的準(zhǔn)確性，并進(jìn)一步關(guān)注內(nèi)容的走向和情節(jié)發(fā)展，形成對(duì)事件或人物的新概念。</li></ul>（王薔等，2017） 圖片環(huán)游可以：<ul class="ql-block"><li>激發(fā)學(xué)生閱讀的興趣</li><li>促進(jìn)學(xué)生的想象力</li><li>提高學(xué)生的思維能力</li><li>增進(jìn)學(xué)生對(duì)故事的理解</li></ul> 　　The "Picture Walk"We are generally curious beings. If we see something intriguing, we want to try to understand it. If we hear an unusual noise, we wonder where it came from. Children can be especially curious, since each day brings them new experiences and new questions to be answered. In preparing children for a read-aloud session, you can stimulate their natural curiosity and pique their interest in a story by going through a "picture walk." Before opening the book, show the children the cover and read the title. Ask them what they think the story will be about, based only on what they see. Then slowly flip through the book, page by page, without reading a single word. Ask them questions about each picture they see, and try to elicit responses that require them to make inferences based upon the images, and not the words, on each page. "What is going on here?" "Who is this?" "Why does the character look so excited?" "When is this story taking place?" "Where did the character just come from?" "How do you think the story is going to end?" Starting with the five "W" and one "H" question words, you will be able to ask plenty of questions that will engage the students' imaginations and encourage their active participation. Vague responses that don't give away your knowledge of the storyline, such as "That's very possible!" or "Are you sure about that?" will plant seeds for enthusiastic discussion while you're actually reading the book. The students will be excited to find that outcomes they have predicted are correct, or they will be surprised to find that the plot has taken some unexpected turns. Once you're done with the "picture walk" and have started the actual read-aloud session, short discussions while you're reading can be very beneficial to the children because they reinforce the critical thinking that you fueled by stimulating their curiosity during the "picture walk." Some good topics for discussion include a testing of their storyline hypotheses ("Do you still think the story is going to end like that? Why or why not?"), an appraisal of the characters' actions ("Was it a good idea for the character to do that? How would you have solved that problem?"), and an examination of cause-and-effect relationships ("So now that you know what really happened, why do you think the character looks so excited?"). It is helpful to moderate these discussions in a way that maintains the smooth flow of the story and ensures that the students comprehend the story's key points. Also, it is important that the children feel the freedom not to participate verbally if they so wish. The less confident children may want only to listen at this stage, and for them, it is important to gauge their attention to be sure they are at least mentally engaged in the discussion. The "picture walk" can serve as a powerful tool to stir some interest in both the story and in the read-aloud session. Not only can it encourage the children's participation in group discussion, but it can also improve their comprehension of the story. Providing them with a tantalizing glimpse of visual story elements should help stir their imaginations and help them weave an intellectual of reference for better organizing and evaluating what they hear as you read the actual story. 怎樣進(jìn)行“圖片環(huán)游”？ 　　我們都是好奇的人。如果我們看到一些有趣的東西，我們想要嘗試去理解它。如果我們聽(tīng)到一種不尋常的聲音，我們就想知道它是從哪里來(lái)的。孩子們可能特別好奇，因?yàn)槊刻於紩?huì)給他們帶來(lái)新的體驗(yàn)和新的問(wèn)題。 在為孩子們準(zhǔn)備朗讀課程時(shí)，你可以通過(guò)“圖片環(huán)游”來(lái)激發(fā)他們天生的好奇心，激發(fā)他們對(duì)故事的興趣。在打開(kāi)書之前，給孩子們看一下封面和書名。請(qǐng)他們基于他們所看到的內(nèi)容推斷這個(gè)故事將是關(guān)于什么的。 然后慢慢地翻閱這本書，一頁(yè)一頁(yè)地翻閱，一個(gè)字也不讀。問(wèn)他們看到的每一幅圖片的問(wèn)題，并試著引起他們的反應(yīng)，要求他們根據(jù)圖片而不是每頁(yè)上的文字做出推斷。"What is going on here?" "Who is this?" "Why does the character look so excited?" "When is this story taking place?" "Where did the character just come from?" "How do you think the story is going to end?" 　　一旦你完成了“圖片環(huán)游”，并開(kāi)始了真正的朗讀部分，在閱讀時(shí)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)短的討論對(duì)孩子們是非常有益的，因?yàn)樗麄兗訌?qiáng)了批判性思維，這是你在“圖片行走”中激發(fā)他們的好奇心所激發(fā)的。 對(duì)討論進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)目刂朴兄诒３止适碌牧鲿常⒋_保學(xué)生理解故事的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。此外，重要的是，如果孩子們?cè)敢獾脑?，他們可以自由選擇是否進(jìn)行口頭交流。自信程度較低的孩子可能只希望在這個(gè)階段傾聽(tīng)，對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，觀察他們的注意力是很重要的，確保他們至少在精神上參與了討論。 “圖片環(huán)游”可以作為一種強(qiáng)大的工具來(lái)激發(fā)人們對(duì)故事和朗讀的興趣。它不僅可以鼓勵(lì)孩子們參與小組討論，還可以提高他們對(duì)故事的理解。給他們提供一個(gè)視覺(jué)故事元素的誘人的一瞥應(yīng)該有助于激發(fā)他們的想象力，幫助他們編織一個(gè)智力參考框架，以便更好地組織和評(píng)估他們?cè)陂喿x實(shí)際故事時(shí)聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容。 “圖片環(huán)游”教學(xué)實(shí)例 <ul class="ql-block"><li>執(zhí)教教師：北京大學(xué)附屬小學(xué) 霍文保</li><li>讀物：外研社《領(lǐng)先閱讀·X計(jì)劃》系列叢書第5級(jí)Flying High</li></ul> 　　內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介：Flying High是一個(gè)原汁原味的英文讀本。講述的是：女孩Cat和男孩Tiger比賽的故事。Cat借助蜻蜓，Tiger借助飛行器，發(fā)生了一些有趣的事情。故事跌宕起伏、充滿了懸念，能滿足學(xué)生好奇、求知的欲望。同時(shí)，故事書配有生動(dòng)的圖片，在一定程度上降低了閱讀困難，并吸引了學(xué)生的興趣。 整體設(shè)計(jì)思路 　　抓住故事主線，以懸念推進(jìn)情節(jié)，在師生共同建構(gòu)故事中激發(fā)思維，促進(jìn)學(xué)生情感、語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展是本課的主要思路。 圍繞故事主角Cat和Tiger比賽的問(wèn)題，利用懸念與沖突，通過(guò)預(yù)測(cè)、探究和證實(shí)推進(jìn)故事發(fā)展。l通過(guò)讀封面獲取信息，幫助學(xué)生養(yǎng)成初步的閱讀習(xí)慣和閱讀技能。l通過(guò)默讀、跟讀、分享閱讀等多種閱讀方式以及編寫故事書，增強(qiáng)學(xué)生與文本的互動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)，在情境中理解語(yǔ)言、積累語(yǔ)言。l通過(guò)創(chuàng)編故事結(jié)局和評(píng)價(jià)故事的活動(dòng)，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用已有語(yǔ)言自由表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)和思想，并在教師引導(dǎo)下重回文本，探索故事內(nèi)涵。 學(xué)生情況分析 　　授課對(duì)象是四年級(jí)學(xué)生，他們具備了一定的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)和英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)能力。對(duì)學(xué)生調(diào)研時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)：學(xué)生比較喜歡閱讀圖文并茂的繪本，對(duì)以動(dòng)物類體裁的故事比較感興趣。但是就整體而言，學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)閱讀體驗(yàn)多為教材課本中出現(xiàn)的故事，對(duì)英文繪本類型的閱讀體驗(yàn)比較有限。前期的試講和以及與學(xué)生課后訪談中教師發(fā)現(xiàn)：學(xué)生能夠大致理解并讀懂比賽的過(guò)程大意。但是對(duì)比賽的細(xì)節(jié)在理解上有偏差。其中還有一些比較生僻的詞匯如zig，zag,zoom等詞匯給理解帶來(lái)了一定的難度。 材料準(zhǔn)備 　　故事書（教師用、學(xué)生用）、多媒體課件，動(dòng)物圖片，詞卡 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 　　1. 能夠讀懂配圖小故事，理解其大意，如：主要人物、事件、故事的情節(jié)發(fā)展； 2. 能夠通過(guò)讀故事封面、看圖預(yù)測(cè)故事大意等活動(dòng)發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)單的閱讀技能； 3. 能夠通過(guò)編寫故事書、嘗試評(píng)價(jià)故事等活動(dòng)感受故事學(xué)習(xí)的樂(lè)趣。 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn) <ul class="ql-block"><li>教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：能夠讀懂并理解故事大意。 </li><li>教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：看圖預(yù)測(cè)故事，發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)單的閱讀技能。</li></ul> 讀前活動(dòng)?（Pre-story Activities） 1. “木頭人”游戲T: I say a word, Clean blackboard. You should say and do the action with me. When I look back, you should stop. 師生一起進(jìn)行“木頭人”游戲，教師發(fā)指令，全班做游戲。【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】通過(guò)Frozen Game，既幫助學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)故事中的動(dòng)詞，又充分調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的情緒、活躍了課堂氣氛。 2. 激活已知T: Can you fly in the sky? S: No. T: Metoo. I can not fly in the sky. Please sit down. We cannot fly. But what canfly? Small helicopter is called micro copter. T: This one can fly too. A dragonfly can fly.利用“木頭人”游戲的最后環(huán)節(jié)“fly”一詞，教師順勢(shì)請(qǐng)學(xué)生自由談?wù)摗癢hocan fly?”。學(xué)生舉例之后，教師列舉兩個(gè)例子：helicopter---microcopter 和dragonfly【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】激活學(xué)生已知的會(huì)飛事物，為學(xué)生對(duì)故事的猜測(cè)做好準(zhǔn)備，營(yíng)造輕松的課堂氛圍為接下來(lái)愉悅、輕松的閱讀做好鋪墊。 3. 師生共讀封面圖，談?wù)勊吹降?，以及從封面上能?lián)想到的事物。T：What can you see from the front cover?。The title of the book: Flying High.The writer of the book: Gina Nuttall.The painter of the book: Jon Stuart（drawpictures for many books, Tiger’s drum kit, the Noisy Da.The Chief editor / The informationof the book: ...【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】通過(guò)師生共讀故事書封面，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注故事的題目、作者等信息，滲透簡(jiǎn)單故事閱讀技能。 讀中活動(dòng)（While-story Activities） 1. 介紹主人公T: Today we will read one of the books.In this book, a boy and a girl. The girl’s name is Cat. And the boy’sname is Tiger. They were playing outside. Tiger had a on his watch. Cathad one too. They pushed the s. Wow, they became? S: Small.【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】Cat和Tiger雖然是兩種動(dòng)物的名稱，但也是本故事中兩個(gè)主人公的名字。提前介紹可以讓學(xué)生明白只是兩個(gè)主人公的姓名，降低閱讀的難度。另外，這個(gè)故事都是描述主人公變小以后的活動(dòng)，提前介紹可以突出這個(gè)情境。 2. 環(huán)游梗概圖片T: Look. This is a big, fat dragonfly.Don’t forget! Tiger and Cat are very small! Maybe the small Cat and small Tigerwill have a race(詞卡）. Here are some races. S: A car race. Ahorse race. A motorbike race.Will theyhave a race? Let’s look at the pictures. Arace, do you want to know more about the race. So let’s enjoy the story together.【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】抽取幾張具有代表意義的圖來(lái)介紹，設(shè)疑，對(duì)故事的梗概做出預(yù)測(cè)。 3. 講故事 3.1 讀故事第一部分(Page 2- 9)T: Who is the boy?S: Tiger.T: What did Tiger have on his back?S: Tiger hada micro copter. T: He could fly. He put the straps on. What about Cat? Did shehave one?S: No. T: Did she want one micro copter? Listen toCat’s words.S: Yes.T: But there was only one. What could shedo? Cry?T: Look. It became dark. They looked up.What was the dark? S: It is shadow. Or it is dragonfly.T: Look at the dragonfly. Cat had anidea... What were they going to do?S: They were going to have a race.T:Listen(we could have a race. Race you across the pond).T:Tiger was on a micro copter. Wow,that’s cool. Cat got on the dragonfly. They would race from here to there. Theywere going to race across the pond. That’s called across the pond.【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】這一部分主要描述比賽前發(fā)生的一些情況，通過(guò)解決兩個(gè)孩子一個(gè)飛行器的沖突，激發(fā)學(xué)生的思考。 3.2 讀故事第二部分(Page 10- 15)T: They were at the starting point. Readygo! Cat and Tiger took off. The dragonfly and micro copter started to fly. Themicro copter zoomed. Together Zoom, zoom. The dragonfly zigzagged. zigzag,zigzag. Look! Who was in front? S: Cat was in front. T: Cat was in the lead.T: Cat was happy. What’s up? What was coming? S: A bee was coming. Cat was scared. So she flew faster and faster. She zigzagged away from the bee. Good bye bee. Cat was happy, now. T: Look, they were scared too. A black fat bird is coming to them. What might they do? S1:Fight with him. S2: Flew away. T: Wow what a terrible race! They were safe now and cat says I won. What did tiger say? Let’s listen to the story.S: Are you OK? Yeah, race you back.【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】這一部分主要描述比賽發(fā)生的一些情況，通過(guò)解決故事中危險(xiǎn)到來(lái)以及如何化解，對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)做出預(yù)測(cè)。 3.3 制作故事書T: Do you want to find the answer. Let’s listen to the story. T: Let’s read the dialogue. Boys readTiger’s words. Girls read Cat’s words. S: 分角色朗讀。T: You are so great. let’s listen and read the dialogue part in red of the whole story. T: You can read very well. Here is thestory book, but some words are missing in the blank. Here are the words. Youcould stick the words to make the story. Work in pairs. S:... T: You can check your book with thereal book. Who gets the correct answer, Please show me your hands? Great. Please read the story to your partner.【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】通過(guò)制作故事書，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的成就感，再次感知故事，了解故事，另外通過(guò)小組活動(dòng)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的合作精神。 讀后活動(dòng)（After-Story Activities ） T: Do you like the story? S1: I like thestory, because I feel I can fly.S2: I like the story, because I like magicstories.S3: I want to ride on the dragonfly.【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】語(yǔ)言有限、故事有限、思維無(wú)限，對(duì)故事的簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)論是學(xué)生閱讀后內(nèi)化的過(guò)程，學(xué)生之間的觀點(diǎn)分享也可以再次加深學(xué)生對(duì)故事的思考。 作業(yè)布置 T: Some students like the story. And somestudents don’t. But I think you have learned something from the story. If theyhave another race, what would be the story? You can can makea story after class.T: So much for today. Good bye, boys and girls.【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】將故事延伸到課下，通過(guò)作業(yè)更加深入鞏固理解故事，并完成對(duì)故事的整體回饋，進(jìn)一步完善學(xué)生對(duì)故事結(jié)尾的思考和推測(cè)。