<span style='text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00">齊崗畫派（北京唐嘎藝術(shù)博物院館藏</font></span> <span style='text-align: justify; color: rgb(96, 178, 154); text-transform: none; text-indent: 28px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgba(96, 178, 154, 0.047058); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'> <font color="#ff8a00"> “即使你的記憶褪色了，它也不會褪色“有人這樣描述唐卡。</font></span><font color="#ff8a00"><span style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-transform: none; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 1.8px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgba(96, 178, 154, 0.047058); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'>唐卡：也叫唐嘎，唐喀，系藏文音譯，指用彩緞裝裱后懸掛供奉的宗教卷軸畫。唐卡是藏族文化中一種獨具特色的繪畫藝術(shù)形式，題材內(nèi)容涉及藏族的歷史、政治、文化和社會生活等諸多領(lǐng)域，傳世唐卡大都是藏傳佛教和本教作品。</span><span style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(96, 178, 154); text-transform: none; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 1.8px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgba(96, 178, 154, 0.047058); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00">下面我們了解一下唐卡的主要流派。 </font></span></font> <span style='text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00">一.齊崗畫派</font></span> <span style='text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'> <font color="#ff8a00">大約在13-14世紀，西藏有一位天才畫家叫朱古·齊吾，他冰雪聰明，心思奇巧，大膽地突破了尼泊爾繪畫的桎梏，找到自己的視覺方式，在尼泊爾畫風的基礎上， “把主尊放大，把陪襯人物縮小，背景留出一定的空間，用圖案來填補。” 朱古·齊吾的風格影響了后藏地區(qū)，從此形成了“齊崗畫派”。齊崗畫派的色彩以紅色和藍色為主，人物線條自然流暢，裝飾圖案縝密精致，服裝紋飾變化多樣，忿怒神像身材矮小等等。</font></span> <font color="#ff8a00">二.勉唐派</font> <p style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00">西藏山南有一位畫家叫勉拉·頓珠嘉措，他自幼聰慧過人。因為有一段不幸的婚姻而離家出走，流浪四方，在路上得到菩薩的啟示開始學畫，并師從多巴·扎西杰布學習繪制唐卡，不久便擁有了高超的畫技。據(jù)說勉拉·頓珠嘉措的前世本來是 一位漢地的藝術(shù)家，有一次機緣巧合，勉拉見到了自己前世的作品，前世的記憶一下子被喚醒，于是他繼承了前世的藝術(shù)稟賦，創(chuàng)造了一種漢藏結(jié)合的獨特畫風，從而創(chuàng)立了“勉唐畫派?！?lt;/font><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00">勉唐畫派將唐卡畫面背景置換成漢地青山綠水，把畫面上部的佛菩薩造像縮小，把前景造像放大，這樣調(diào)整了之后使得造像有了前后縱深，與山水空間和諧統(tǒng)一，畫面色彩也從紅藍變成了青綠。勉唐畫派的佛菩薩的身體比例開始變短變胖，五官偏漢人長相，服裝也開始漢化了。</font></p> <span style='text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00">勉唐畫派</font></span> <section style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4px 0px 10px; height: 1.6em; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 1.7em; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><font color="#ff8a00">三.齊崗畫派</font></p></section><section style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; vertical-align: middle; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; border-left-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-top-width: 0.8em !important; border-bottom-width: 0.8em !important; border-left-width: 0.8em; border-top-style: solid !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-left-style: solid; display: inline-block; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></section> <span style='text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00"> 欽則畫派是尼泊爾風格基礎上的西藏化，此畫派的創(chuàng)始人是勉拉·頓珠嘉措的師弟貢嘎崗堆·欽則欽莫。欽則畫派構(gòu)圖上主尊像較大，周圍眾小像排列有序，風景服飾上偏漢化。人物身體造型修長，手足柔美，姿態(tài)動感。欽則畫派擅長繪制忿怒相，著重刻畫金剛護法臉部的眼布血絲、齜牙咧嘴，畫面張力十足，有十分凌厲的美感。欽則派還擅長繪制壇城，紋樣繁密華麗，精致絕倫，令人嘆為觀止。</font></span> <span style='text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00">欽則畫派</font></span> <font color="#ff8a00">四.噶瑪噶孜畫派</font> <span style='text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'> <font color="#ff8a00"> 公元1408年，噶瑪巴·德銀協(xié)巴應大明永樂皇帝邀請，前去南京弘法，明成祖朱棣命宮廷畫師將此次隆重法會繪制成了《噶瑪巴為明太祖薦福圖》，之后又把這圖做成了織錦畫賜予楚布寺。到了16世紀，南喀扎西看到了這幅織錦畫《噶瑪巴為明太祖薦福圖》，對漢地繪畫的構(gòu)圖、背景、用色十分仰慕，于是就開始認真學習研究漢地繪畫藝術(shù)，把漢地繪畫融合到自己的創(chuàng)作中，形成了新的繪畫風格，創(chuàng)立了“嘎瑪嘎孜畫派”。嘎瑪嘎孜畫派有自己的一套顏料制作與使用的特殊技法。此畫派最顯著的特點是施色濃重，對比強烈，畫面富麗堂皇。</font></span> <font color="#ff8a00">五.尼泊爾畫派</font> <span style='text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'> <font color="#ff8a00">當年尼泊爾尺尊公主嫁給了松贊干布，有一批尼泊爾畫師隨同公主進藏，從此尼泊爾繪畫藝術(shù)和西藏本地藝術(shù)融合，形成了“尼泊爾畫派”。尼泊爾畫派以暖色調(diào)為主，畫面中央的主尊非常突出，護法諸尊被安排在四周整齊的小方格內(nèi)，造像較為簡單，身段僵硬，著衣少而單薄，飾物沉重感強。</font></span> <font color="#ff8a00">六.新勉唐派</font> <p style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00">17世紀有一位唐卡畫師名叫藏巴·曲英嘉措，他在繼承勉唐畫派的基礎上，又吸收漢地繪畫的一些特色，開創(chuàng)了“新勉唐畫派”。</font><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00"> 新勉唐畫派造象度量嚴格，色彩明快，底層色厚涂，粗壯飽滿的四肢和臉形，“蘭葉描”勾勒衣飾線條，漢族化的民間圖案，裝飾性的山、石、樹、云。漢族化的青綠山水、渲染技法中層次豐富細膩、善用灰色表現(xiàn)皮膚。人物毛發(fā)有虛實變化，形象邊線的節(jié)奏十分豐富。</font></p> <font color="#ff8a00">七.其他畫派</font> <span style='text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'> <font color="#ff8a00"> 唐卡畫派還有很多，比如：新勉唐畫派在康巴地區(qū)發(fā)展出的“康勉薩畫風”，爐霍出現(xiàn)的“郎卡杰畫風”，昌都地區(qū)的“象雄東朵畫風”，青海的“熱貢唐卡畫風”，十六世紀由畫家薩托羅松創(chuàng)立的門薩畫派等等。</font></span> <span style='text-align: left; color: rgb(75, 75, 75); text-transform: none; text-indent: 30px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00"> 在一千多年的時光里，唐卡不斷的發(fā)展變化，在不同地域嬗變出許多地方風格，這些地方風格是不同畫派和畫風之間的融合和創(chuàng)造，鑄造出西藏唐卡藝術(shù)特有之風華。</font></span> <p class="ql-block">免責聲明：部分文字及圖片來源于網(wǎng)絡，僅供學習、交流使用，不具有任何商業(yè)用途，版權(quán)歸原作者所有，如有問題請及時聯(lián)系我們，我們將在24小時內(nèi)以作處理。本聲明未涉及的問題參見國家有關(guān)法律法規(guī)，當本聲明與國家法律法規(guī)沖突時，以國家法律法規(guī)為準。</p>