1、Listening:<br>清華幼兒英語1a 2、reading:<div>英文：</div><div>科一：from tadpole to frog</div><div>小蝌蚪找媽媽</div><div>froggy繪本</div><div><br></div><div>中文：</div><div>幼體與成體在形態(tài)結構和生活習性上有許多差異，屬于變態(tài)發(fā)育</div><div>青蛙和蟾蜍做了解</div><div>青蛙弗洛格系列</div> 3、video： 4、科普<div>蝌蚪種類</div><div><br><div><br></div></div> <div>青蛙種類：toad and frog<br></div> game1、frog-leap<div>i'm a frog, look at me, i have big eyes and four legs, my hind legs are stronger than the fore legs.</div><div>this is my lilypad, i like to stand on it and have a sunshine bath. some time i will dive into the water and have a bath to make my skin wet.</div><div>i can leap, i'm as fast as an airpalne, will you have a compitition with me, i will win you. croak....</div> game2、蝌蚪水上漂：原理一般白板筆中加入了一種叫做剝離劑的特殊物質，被水沖或被擦拭時，油墨極易與書寫面發(fā)生脫離，于是畫在盤子上的小人畫像就容易脫離盤子，并漂浮在水面上。<div><br>Material：<br></div>Whiteboard pen<div>plate</div><div>water</div><div>step:</div><div>draw some tadpoles on the plate, you must put them in the water before they are dry</div><div>look at the tadpols, they float in the air</div><div><br></div><div>拓展“水上漂”</div><div><br>你需要：水碗針紙巾<br><br>這樣做：碗里裝水，把紙巾放在水面上，在把針平放在紙巾上。紙巾吸滿水，沉入水底，針會跟著沉下去嗎？<br><br>想一想：為什么針能有“輕功”，在水上漂呢？<br><br>有創(chuàng)意：試一試，利用水的表面張力，還可以托起別的什么東西，比如能托起硬幣嗎？<br><br>告訴你：水面有表面張力，針可以浮在水面上。<br></div><div><br></div> game3、繪畫<div>today, we will draw a pond, the pond is blue, there is lilypads and tadpoles in the water. let use the sponge stamps(海綿印章) to draw the bubles, use the clay to make lilypads and tadpoles.</div><div>tapolse have big head and long fine tail</div> 4、game:折紙青蛙<div>參考：https://www.wikihow.com/Make-an-Origami-Jumping-Frog</div> ?Folding the Frog’s Front Legs<div>a:Fold the top corners over the center of the paper. The top side of the paper should line up with the left side, forming a triangle shape. Press the fold with your finger to create a crease, then unfold it. Now do the same with the top left corner. Unfold the paper. You've now created a creased "X."</div><div>b:Fold the paper in half. Hold the paper on the table in front of you so that the bottom edge is facing you. Fold the top half of the paper horizontally, so that the two top corners meet the two bottom corners. Seal the fold with your finger, then unfold it. The new crease you've made should cross over the X, creating a pattern that looks like an asterisk or star.</div><div>c:Pinch in the sides to form a triangle. Center the paper on the table so that the bottom edge is facing you. Push the folds of the horizontal crease at the top of the paper toward the center. By pushing these folds inside the paper, the square will collapse into a triangle shape with two sides.<br>To make the two sides fold inwards on themselves more easily, re-fold the horizontal crease you made in the previous step, but in the opposite direction.</div><div>d:Fold one triangle corner upward. Place the triangle on the table so that the long edge is facing you. The long edge of the triangle divides into four points, two on each side. Take the top layer’s corner on the right side and fold it up. The tip of the corner should touch the tip of the triangle. Crease the fold with your finger.</div><div>e:Move the opposite triangle corner upward. Take the top layer corner on the left side of the triangle. Fold it up so that the tip of the corner touches the tip of the triangle. Crease the fold with your finger. The paper should now look like a triangle with a diamond in the middle.</div><div>f:Fold the right corner of the diamond inward. With the base of the triangle facing you, grab the right corner of the diamond. Fold it so the right edge of the diamond lines up with the center line. Crease the fold with your finger.<br>g:Move the left corner of the diamond inward. With the base of the triangle facing you, grab the left corner of the diamond, and fold it inward so that the left edge lines up with the center line. Crease the fold with your finger.</div><div>h:Create the frog's front legs. The point of the triangle, under the diamond layer, is divided into two sides. Fold the right one out, toward the right side of the triangle, so that its edge lines up with the right edge of the diamond. Crease it. Fold the left one out, toward the left side of the triangle, so that its edge lines up with the left edge of the diamond. Crease it.</div> ?Folding the Frog’s Back Legs<div>a:Flip the paper over. Rest it on the table so that the bottom of the triangle is facing you. The frog is starting to take shape! The front legs should now poke out from underneath at the tip of the triangle.</div><div>b:Fold in the bottom corners. Take the right bottom corner and fold it from the tip of the triangle toward the center, making a vertical line at the center. Crease it. Now fold in the left bottom corner in the same way, so that its edge meets the edge of the other side at the center. You've now created an oblong diamond shape.</div><div>c:Move the inner edges outwards. Fold the right half of the diamond outward, so that its inner edge lines up with its outer edge. Crease the fold. Fold the left half of the diamond outward in the same way, so that the inner edge lines up with the outer edge, and crease it. These newly folded triangles will become the frog’s back legs.</div> ?Finalizing the Frog<div>a:Fold the frog in half. Position the frog so that the long back legs are facing you, and fold it in half, near where the body is narrowest. Make sure to fold the legs underneath the “body” of the frog. Crease the fold.<br></div><div>b:Make a crease for the frog's back legs. Keep the frog folded in half, with the back legs facing you, and turn it over. Fold the legs upward, so that the horizontal piece of paper that stretches between the legs lines up with the frog's bottom (the fold you made in the previous step). Crease the fold.</div><div>c:Make your frog jump. Set the frog down on its back legs. Press and release the center folds to make it jump. Have fun! These frogs should jump and flip quite well.</div>If your frog isn’t jumping properly, double-check your folds to make sure everything is in the right place. You can also try thicker paper, which usually has more “spring.” 5、ft：生命周期----養(yǎng)青蛙 <div><div>歡迎新朋友2020.5.24，池塘找了一個月也沒看到蝌蚪，今天鄰居家送了好多，期待成蛙</div><div>蝌蚪喂養(yǎng)的方法：<br>每次給食后殘留的飼料，必須用吸管清除出去，并且每隔一兩天換一次水。最簡便的餌料是面包、餅干的碎屑或碎飯粒，也可以給少量煮熟的蛋黃作為動物性飼料。</div></div><div>1、生長初期（1～10天）：蝌蚪孵出三天內不覓食，依靠從卵黃中帶來的營養(yǎng)維持生命，過早喂食反而導致其死亡。三天后蝌蚪的活動量明顯增加，兩鰓蓋完全形成時開始覓食，按每萬尾蝌蚪投喂一個蛋黃的標準定時投喂，并適當加入一些水中天然浮游生物，如水蚤、藻類。<br><br>2、生長前期（10～20天）：小蝌蚪10天以后，其食量增大，生長發(fā)育加快，開始尋找新的食物，但其消化功能仍然不強，此時飼養(yǎng)的好壞直接影響到蝌蚪的成活率。因此，在飼養(yǎng)上必須補充餌料，以滿足其生長發(fā)育的需要，主要以營養(yǎng)豐富的糊汁餌料為主，如蛋黃、玉米粉、4號粉，并輔以細嫩的藻類植物等。<br>煮過的菠菜和窩苣是適宜的飼料，但不要煮得過熟，并且要去掉纖維<br><br>3、生長中期（20～50天）：生長中期蝌蚪的消化功能不斷增強，為促進蝌蚪消化道的盡快發(fā)育，適應兩棲類某一特定蝌蚪期“食草性”的生物特性，20日齡后蝌蚪除投飼糊汁餌料外，應投喂植物性飼料和藻類植物，如浮萍。<br><br>4、生長后期（50～78天）：生長后期是蝌蚪轉化為幼蛙的關鍵時期，蝌蚪在此期要長出后肢和前肢，并且由水生轉化為水陸兩棲。這一時期在飼養(yǎng)上除投飼足夠的飼料外，還要添加少量的動物性的活餌飼料。<br></div> <h1><ul><li><font color="#ed2308">egg</font><br></li></ul></h1> <h1><ul><li><font color="#ed2308">tadpole</font></li></ul></h1>feed tadpole with the cooked vegetables and alga<div>alga---a simple, nonflowering, and typically aquatic plant of a large group that includes the seaweeds and many single-celled forms. Algae contain chlorophyll葉綠素 but lack true stems, roots, leaves<br></div><div><br></div><div>we can feed tadpoles with alga and cooked vegetables. when tadpoles live in pond, they eat alga and mosquito babies, they are healthy. now they come to our hourse, we should protect them and feed them, today is sunday, your dady will take you get some algas in the pond, take your bucket and web,let's go</div><div>look at the pond, there are so many tadpols, but they are different with our tadpols, they are black, they will grow up as the toad which has many spots. frog's skin is smothy, but toad's skin is bumty, i don't like toad.</div><div> the toads can eat bugs in the water, just like the mosqito baby live in the water, mostly they will eat algas.</div> external gil for breathing<div>觀察呼吸，海鮮市場觀察海鮮的呼吸方式，螃蟹，魚</div><div>蝌蚪呼吸：從水面上吸出一個小氣泡。<br>小蝌蚪們在生命之初是靠腮呼吸的，但它們也會發(fā)育出肺，并開始到水面附近呼吸空氣。尤其是當水中含氧量不太夠的時候，這些來自空氣的供氧對它們的生存很重要。<br><br>研究者們觀察了5個物種的蝌蚪在水面附近呼吸空氣的樣子，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)它們呼吸的動作有點特別。這些小蝌蚪并不是直接把腦袋探到液面的上面，而且貼著液面進行吮吸，吸出一個氣泡來，然后再從中擠壓出需要的氣體提供給肺，最后把多余的氣體吐出去。<br><br>為什么不直接探頭到液面以上呢？研究者們認為小蝌蚪大概是受到了表面張力的限制。在水的表面張力的作用下，空氣與水的交界面會變得有點像是一層彈性薄膜屏障。人類這樣個頭大的動物幾乎不會感受到水面的阻礙作用，但對于尺寸小的物體它的影響會增大很多。在表面張力的作用下，小昆蟲可以站立在水面上而不會穿過水面，水生的小生物想穿過水面接觸空氣也會變得困難。相比之下，可能反而是留在液面下方吮吸氣泡更容易一些。<br></div> tail keeps on growing hindlegs appear front legs appear live from food stored in the tail tail becomes shorter <h3></h3><h1><ul><li><font color="#ed2308">young frog-呼吸</font><br></li></ul></h1><font color="#39b54a">? how can you breath?</font><br>i can breath with my lung, a pipe conectes my mouth and nose and lung, lung is like a baloon, when i press the baloon, the air will go out, i exhale, the air goes out from my nose or mouth.<br>when i inhale the air goes into my lung. when i loose my hand, ballon gets bigger. frog has lung, frog can breath with lung, sometime frog will breath with its skin <div><br></div><font color="#39b54a">? 呼吸方式</font><br><div>兩棲動物利用三個方式進行氣體交換:皮膚,口和肺呼吸(采取吞咽式呼吸--肺進化的不夠完善).<br><br>1、尤其當冬天來臨他們在冬眠時更是需要用皮膚呼吸.然而即使在正常環(huán)境下,肺呼吸正進行時,大部分的二氧化碳由表皮釋出,而氧氣由肺獲取.<br><br>2、青蛙的肺并不發(fā)達,僅僅是一對薄壁的囊,構造很簡單,氣體的交換量也很少,依靠它得到的氧氣,不能滿足生活上的需要,還得由皮膚呼吸來補足。<br><br>3、青蛙的皮膚經常分泌粘液,保持濕潤狀態(tài),使外界空氣中的氧和皮膚微血管血液中的二氧化碳進行交換,以補充肺呼吸量的不足.青蛙透過皮膚呼吸所得的氧,大約占吸氧總量的40%左右.<div><br></div><div><font color="#39b54a">?如何呼吸</font><br></div><div>青蛙雖然像我們人一樣也用肺進行呼吸，但卻不像我們人一樣，讓外界的空氣進入鼻孔，直接通過氣管到達肺部。而是在吸氣的時候，把它那寬闊的嘴巴緊緊地閉上，這樣口腔底部就下降了，口腔顯得增大，外界的空氣就通過鼻孔吸入口里，使口腔裝滿空氣。接著它又閉上鼻孔，同時讓口腔底部的肌肉收縮，使口腔底部上升，這樣口腔就顯得變小了，壓迫著口腔里的空氣通過喉頭進到肺里去。<br><br>然后它又讓腹部的肌肉收縮，并依靠肺壁的彈力，把肺里的氣體又壓回到口腔里。這樣的動作要反復好多次，使氣體進行了充分的交換之后，青蛙又一次通過鼻孔，把口腔的氣體壓到體外去。這樣，青蛙的口底就不停地一鼓一鼓，好象我們人一樣，呼吸時胸部會一起一伏。<br></div></div> <div><font color="#39b54a">?為什么青蛙要保持皮膚濕潤</font><br></div>由于皮膚裸露，不能有效地防止體內水分的蒸發(fā)，因此它們一生離不開水或潮濕的環(huán)境，怕干旱和寒冷。所以大部分生活在熱帶和溫帶多雨地區(qū)，分布在寒帶的種類極少。