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高鐵和平綏鐵路往事 王芳圖文

阿芳

<p class="ql-block">20 24年12 月31日集大高鐵如期正式通車,正是距1909年京張鐵路平綏線開始建設(shè)一百一十年五年時間,從每小時35公里到350公里,這是從平綏鐵路到京包線一次歷史性的跨越,翻看2018年我曾經(jīng)寫下的平綏鐵路的記憶一文更是感慨萬千。2019年呼市去北京的高鐵開通,從呼市到北京2小時18分時間濃縮了中國鐵路一百多年的滄桑史!</p> <p class="ql-block">2018年春分那天,天空灰蒙蒙的,還夾雜著雨雪,我和幾個相關(guān)人士一行探訪了平綏鐵路老車站,有許多和平綏鐵路相關(guān)的人和事呈現(xiàn)出來。我們到達的第一站是白塔老車站。鐵路老站深藏在新站背后塞罕區(qū)巴彥鎮(zhèn)一個叫個黑土凹雜亂的村子里,車站前面和后面有兩棵高大的老楊樹是車站繁華和衰落的見證者,至今守護著老站。站房上嵌有民國十年陳世華書的匾額“白塔車站PAITA”。像一列火車頭,站牌,站房取暖的煙囪伸出房頂像行進中冒著煙的火車頭。老白塔火車站現(xiàn)存主體建筑主要是站房、信號房、還有站房后面的站長室及其他公用房,基本保持了歷史原貌。是平綏鐵路現(xiàn)存的三座老站中的一站。平綏鐵路1921年5月1日建成通車,當(dāng)年白塔火車站即投入使用,1937年歸綏淪陷后,日本侵略者對其進行了局部改造,為防止大青山抗日游擊隊,修建了多幾座碉堡。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1977</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年由于京包線局部改線,白塔老火車站遠離鐵路線,隨遭廢棄,但因為做過鐵路職工培訓(xùn)技校有幸隱沒在一個還沒有改造的城市邊緣的村中保存至今,2014年成為內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)重點文物保護單位,但近一兩年才被人們發(fā)現(xiàn)和認(rèn)識到他的價值,寂寞了多年的老站有了越來越多的訪客,老站的歷史意義和滄桑之美也引起更多人的關(guān)注。</span></span></h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;在走訪老車站的過程中,<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">新舊鐵路交匯的同時歷史也在我腦海中交匯。</span>&nbsp;由白塔老站也引發(fā)了我對平綏鐵路歷史的興趣和探究。</span></h3> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;">平綏鐵路是1909年京張鐵路通車后,逐段開展修筑,且邊修通邊開始投入運營的,1923年延至包頭。原稱京綏鐵路,因1928年6月北京更名北平而改稱平綏,建國后叫京包鐵路。內(nèi)蒙段鐵路沿線的老車站主要有新安莊、豐鎮(zhèn)、平地泉、卓資、白塔、包頭。平綏鐵路對溝通內(nèi)地跟西北的聯(lián)系,促進察(察哈爾,1952年撤省)、晉北部與內(nèi)蒙的經(jīng)濟開發(fā)具有重要作用。</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;"> 在內(nèi)蒙古境內(nèi)通車最早的車站是豐鎮(zhèn)車站,建于1915年,當(dāng)時的工程局就設(shè)在豐鎮(zhèn)。在我的記憶中和白塔車站,卓資車站風(fēng)格大體一致,豐鎮(zhèn)車站沿線的官房都用石頭砌的,可能避震效果要好些,鐵道邊的老官房曾經(jīng)是平綏鐵路的一大景觀。平綏鐵路在豐鎮(zhèn)設(shè)站帶來了豐鎮(zhèn)這座處于晉蒙交界小鎮(zhèn)的繁榮。在車站附近的盛記巷商號云集,還建起了第一座戲院??上靶┠昀险静鸪?,老官房也拆除了,按它的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)和結(jié)實程度再立百年也沒有問題。</p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;"> (畫家趙華東記憶中的豐鎮(zhèn)火車站)</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;"> 1919年京綏鐵路修至蘇集,擬在平地泉村建站,由于當(dāng)時平地泉是外國天主教會在內(nèi)蒙一帶影響最大的地區(qū),外國神父唆使操縱當(dāng)?shù)亟堂竦种平ㄕ荆坏貌粚④囌疽浦岭x平地泉十公里有老哇嘴村(今天的集寧南站處),站名仍叫平地泉站。 </p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;"> 我們第二站到達卓資山老火車站時天空正下起了第一場春雨,而且雨雪交加,天氣陰冷。老站與新站并排而立,那個時段沒有客車通過,站臺上非常清靜,就我們幾個采訪者。偶爾有貨車通過。卓資火車1923年建成開站,1987年新站建成后停止使用。卓資老車站比白塔車站保留的要好,功能齊全,八十多年前的售票處、侯車室原貌還在,舊的長條椅還在。值得慶幸的是由于和老站并排而立沒有像白塔老站因為新站改線徹底隱退,消失在鐵路線上。</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;"><br></p> <p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">作為中國建造的第一條鐵路,京綏鐵路不僅是當(dāng)時全國的交通之重,也是全國最賺錢的鐵路之一。但從它出現(xiàn),英俄美日奧等國都對它虎視眈眈,想盡辦法想要控制這條鐵路。王治良在《京綏鐵路工人的一次愛國護路斗爭》一文中記載了當(dāng)時的情況:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1918</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">12</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">和</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1921</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月,日本以每年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">9</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">厘的高額利息,借給中國</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">600</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">萬日元。美國不甘心日本獨占這項利益,便收買了京綏鐵路局局長陳世華。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1921</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">20</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日,陳世華以京綏鐵路代表名義同美國車輛公司代表簽訂了用</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1245000</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">美元購買該公司</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">300</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">輛棚車的購車合同。當(dāng)時商定先付</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">274200</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">美元,其余分</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">10</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">次還清,年息</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">8</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">厘,每次還</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">10</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">萬美元。這是一筆居心叵測的交易。據(jù)當(dāng)時統(tǒng)計,京綏鐵路經(jīng)過</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">7</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">次短期借款,已經(jīng)欠債</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3000</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">多萬元,而</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1921</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年京綏鐵路全年結(jié)余</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">399649</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">元,怎么能償還得起這筆巨款呢?</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1922</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日,美國迫使北洋政府簽訂了喪權(quán)辱國的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">展期合同</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">,將</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">8</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">厘利息改為</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">分</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">厘</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">,而且規(guī)定美國有權(quán)舉薦有經(jīng)驗的會計員監(jiān)督車輛的使用和運費收入</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">通過這種手段一步步奪取京綏鐵路的管理權(quán)。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 得知京綏鐵路主權(quán)被出賣的消息后,鐵路工人震驚了。當(dāng)時,先前被李大釗送入鐵路內(nèi)部的幾名共產(chǎn)黨人發(fā)揮了重要作用。此前,為維護政治和經(jīng)濟權(quán)益,他們專門成立了京綏鐵路車務(wù)工人</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">同人會</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">,何孟雄擔(dān)任秘書,同時在其他鐵路線設(shè)立了分會。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">亡路合同</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">事件一出,在</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">同人會</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,一場反對北洋軍閥出賣京綏鐵路主權(quán)的護路斗爭打響了,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">300</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">多人組成的護國救路團四處散發(fā)</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">打倒賣國賊</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">、</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">取消亡路合同</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">、</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">誓死不做亡國奴</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的傳單,揭露當(dāng)局出賣京綏鐵路主權(quán)的行徑。他們還打著</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">急起救路</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的白旗,到北洋政府眾議院請愿,要求取消亡路合同,嚴(yán)懲交通總長高恩洪。并要求,取消</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">亡路合同</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">前,全體工人脫離該路所轄,不承認(rèn)任何工作指令。軍閥政府怕事態(tài)擴大,只好被迫撤回已經(jīng)簽訂的合同,并懲辦了向美國訂購車輛的京綏鐵路局局長陳世華。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;在共產(chǎn)黨人的努力下,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">亡路合同</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">取消了,京綏鐵路保住了。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1925</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年,北洋政府交通部為利于移民,曾制定規(guī)劃,指定由京綏鐵路局發(fā)售移民減價票。但因連年軍閥混戰(zhàn),該鐵路忙于運兵,而導(dǎo)致收入銳減。不久外患頻仍,內(nèi)弊叢生,更令局方債臺高筑,故而發(fā)售移民減價票成為一紙空文。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">到了</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1933</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">6</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月,南京政府鐵道部(成立于</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1928</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">10</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月,首任部長為孫中山之子孫科)前法規(guī)委員會委員沈昌(時年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">27</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">歲,系冰心、吳文藻夫婦留美時的同學(xué)),派任平綏鐵路局局長,為</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">振興路務(wù)</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">,制定了包括恢復(fù)發(fā)售移民減價票的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">復(fù)興規(guī)劃</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。而此時國內(nèi)開發(fā)西北聲浪日趨高漲,平綏鐵路此舉無疑順應(yīng)了社會發(fā)展潮流。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1934</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">11</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月和次年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月,平綏鐵路當(dāng)局將重新修訂的移民減價票發(fā)售辦法,兩次呈報鐵道部,經(jīng)核準(zhǔn)后,于當(dāng)年執(zhí)行。辦法規(guī)定:移民減價票發(fā)售日期由每年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">20</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日起,至</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">20</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日止。票價:成人按普通三等車車票之四成核收現(xiàn)款;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">12</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">歲以上、</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">20</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">歲以下者減半;移民之母、妻及不滿</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">12</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">歲之子女,一律免票。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">為了廣泛宣傳優(yōu)待移民乘車的章程,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1935</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">24</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日,平綏鐵路局函致冀、豫、魯、晉、綏(綏遠,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1954</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年撤省,并入內(nèi)蒙古、河北等地)諸省政府,附送該鐵路移民減價規(guī)則,請通飭所屬,予以公布,并附函綏遠省各墾務(wù)機關(guān),對前來該省之移民妥為照料、安置。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">當(dāng)時上述各省正遭旱、澇、蟲、瘟之災(zāi),天災(zāi)之外,尚有兵禍。農(nóng)民迫于生計,不得不攜妻帶子外出逃難。平綏鐵路優(yōu)待移民乘車之舉,在相當(dāng)程度上取代了</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">殺虎口</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”走西口的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">通道,這對拯救災(zāi)民于水火之中以及促進西北之開發(fā),無論在主觀還是實際上,都起到了推動作用。沈士華</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1933</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月,任國民政府交通部總務(wù)司司長,并任管理中英庚子賠款董事會秘書處主任。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1937</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">7</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月,任浙江省第三區(qū)行政督察專員兼保安司令。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">無奈路修成不久,第二次直奉戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā),從此頻年內(nèi)亂,鐵路忙于運兵導(dǎo)致收入銳減而債臺高筑,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">九</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">·</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一八</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">事變后,外患頓生,內(nèi)弊叢積,經(jīng)營管理更是每況愈下。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">當(dāng)局為擺脫困境,于</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1933</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">6</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月派沈昌出任平綏鐵路局局長。他臨危受命,憑借在鐵道部所顯現(xiàn)的管理才干和為國效力的一腔熱血,到任不久便采取整理債務(wù)、嚴(yán)管客貨車輛、出售移民減價票、開辦旅游業(yè)等</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">振興路務(wù)</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">等舉措,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">重拳</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">之一乃是整飭沿線治安秩序。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;上個世紀(jì)&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">三十年代的中國北方兵荒馬亂,該線平地泉(今集寧)至歸綏(今呼和浩特)間的土貴烏拉、卓資山、旗下營等小車站,除下車旅客屢遭攔路者敲詐搶劫,還常有蟊賊、刁民拆卸風(fēng)閘(壓縮空氣自動制動裝置)等零件,導(dǎo)致貨車因失去制動作用而無法再開行。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">沈昌多次研究對策采取措施。一是加強警務(wù)力量,派路警并聯(lián)合當(dāng)?shù)鼐Γ喎诂F(xiàn)場蹲守、巡查,并由專人攜帶易于被歹人拆卸的零件,赴沿線兩側(cè)數(shù)十里地以內(nèi)的所有廢舊金屬回收攤點,讓業(yè)主辨別認(rèn)知,訓(xùn)令不許收購此類金屬,若有違反,嚴(yán)懲不貸!</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">為防利欲熏心之業(yè)主繼續(xù)犯案,檢查人員經(jīng)常殺回馬槍,發(fā)現(xiàn)確有不法之徒將偷偷收購的零部件弄毀,假作廢品藏匿于隱蔽之處,結(jié)果受到懲處。盜竊者懾于連番打擊,冒險拆卸的東西沒人敢收,便因斷了銷贓之路不得不收手。</span><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">沈昌</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1904</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年生于浙江桐鄉(xiāng)縣烏鎮(zhèn)一書香與官宦世家,與冰心、吳文藻夫婦系留美同學(xué)。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1927</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年學(xué)成回國后歷任鎮(zhèn)江縣長、上海市府及浙江省保安處上校秘書、鐵道部購料主任委員及總機廠總經(jīng)理??箲?zhàn)爆發(fā)奉調(diào)大后方,歷任西南運輸處副主任、交通部材料司司長、敘(敘府,四川宜賓)昆鐵路局局長、滇緬鐵路督辦公署顧問、川滇鐵路公司總經(jīng)理、川滇線區(qū)司令官等職;擔(dān)任中國遠征軍鐵路特派專員隨軍自緬甸步行至印度,蠻荒跋涉,歷盡千難,九死一生。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">沈昌憑聰明才智及精通法規(guī)并熟知外交條款之勢,提前</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">25</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年從法國收回滇越鐵路經(jīng)營權(quán),以此卓越貢獻被譽為</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">鐵路精英</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">而授勛。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1942</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">9</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">9</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日因</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">涉歷巨險,憂勞致疾</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">突發(fā)腦溢血殉職。位于昆明的墓碑毀于</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">文革</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">中。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2015</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">九</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">.</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">三</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">天安門閱兵觀禮儀式,其</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">80</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">歲的女兒沈蓓應(yīng)邀從美國趕至參加,并代表父親領(lǐng)取了抗戰(zhàn)勝利</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">70</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">周年紀(jì)念章。</span></h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;現(xiàn)存的老車站見證了中國歷史的百年滄桑,有許多文化名人曾經(jīng)在平綏鐵路線上留下過足跡。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;</span>平緩鐵路也經(jīng)歷了中國抗日烽火和解放戰(zhàn)爭的洗禮。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 1936</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">11</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月,綏遠抗戰(zhàn)的炮聲打響后,著名戰(zhàn)地記者方大曾立即到前線采訪。這次長達</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">43</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">天的行程,他就是從集寧車站下車到達綏遠抗戰(zhàn)前線,他全報道綏遠抗戰(zhàn),用相機和筆為武器,將前線的消息及時傳遞到后方,寫出《興和之行》、《從集寧到陶林》、《綏東前線視察記》等稿件。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1935</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年冬天在綏遠戰(zhàn)場采訪時,小方出人意料地給母親寄回一張照片。照片上的他,身著軍裝,英武帥氣。他在照片上寫道:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">母親大人存念</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。他報道了發(fā)生在烏蘭察布著名著名的紅格爾圖戰(zhàn)役,而就在這個時候他失蹤在抗戰(zhàn)前線</span></h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1934年夏天,應(yīng)平綏鐵路局局長沈昌先生的邀請,北平的幾位文化界名人組成</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">平綏沿線旅行團</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">7</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">7</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日,從北平清華園出發(fā),沿平綏鐵路,考察中國西北的風(fēng)土人情,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">山川地理,前后共四十余日。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 平綏鐵路是第一條由中國人自己設(shè)計、自己修建并經(jīng)營的鐵路,在那個年代,意義不同于一般。再者,沈昌先生希望請些文化名家對平綏線沿途的風(fēng)光物產(chǎn)等多做些宣傳。被邀請的文化名人里,女作家冰心在列。沈昌先生的姐姐沈驪英女士和冰心是留美期間的同學(xué),而沈昌本人和冰心的丈夫吳文藻先生也是留美期間的同學(xué),所以冰心和她的丈夫成了那次旅行的組織者。在冰心的邀請下,文國鼐、雷潔瓊、顧頡剛、鄭振鐸、陳其田、趙澄參加了旅行團,加上冰心及其丈夫吳文藻,共八人,踏上了西去的列車。鄭振鐸是作家、文學(xué)史家、翻譯家、也是收藏家;雷潔瓊是社會學(xué)家、法學(xué)家、教育家;顧頡剛是歷史學(xué)家、民俗學(xué)家;吳文藻是社會學(xué)家、人類學(xué)家;陳其田是經(jīng)濟學(xué)家;文國鼐是翻譯家;趙澄是攝影家;而冰心是家喻戶曉的女作家。旅行團所到之處,先后受到綏遠省政府主席傅作義、晉綏軍騎兵司令趙承綬等地方軍政人士及蒙古上層人士的熱情接待。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">時任豐鎮(zhèn)車站站長的鄭秉璋為鄭振鐸的老同學(xué),</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">其中<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">鄭振鐸和</span>冰心,吳文藻夫婦到了豐鎮(zhèn)。</span>&nbsp;鄭振鐸先生在《西行書簡》里寫下的對大同的印象和評價,而冰心則把沿途考察所見寫成了《平綏沿線旅行記》,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1935</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月由平綏鐵路管理局出版,后書名改為《冰心游記》,次年由北新書局出版,風(fēng)靡一時。</span></span></span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;著名記者、作家蕭乾的第一次采訪也是從平綏鐵路起步的。1934年暑假,他認(rèn)識了平綏鐵路貨運員孟仰賢?!庇谑鞘捛统蔀椤包S魚”——不買票的特殊乘客,他從塞北回來后的特寫《平綏瑣記》登在《大公報》上,引起當(dāng)時主管內(nèi)蒙古事務(wù)的傅作義的注意。平綏鐵路的采訪,是蕭乾人生第一次采訪。蕭乾在他的《文學(xué)回憶錄》中說,那趟黃魚旅行是其接觸社會現(xiàn)實的開始。(蕭乾,蒙古族,中國現(xiàn)代著名記者、文學(xué)家、翻譯家。歷任中國作家協(xié)會理事、顧問,全國政協(xié)委員,中央文史館館長等)。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;在解放戰(zhàn)爭期間中國賀龍、朱德率領(lǐng)的解放大軍也沿平綏鐵路挺進,平綏鐵路經(jīng)歷了解解放綏遠的戰(zhàn)爭洗禮。平綏鐵路是一條有著光榮革命歷史的鐵路。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">出生于呼和浩特土默特左旗什報氣村,<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1925</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年參加革命,曾歷任綏遠省人民政府主席、內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)人民政府副主席、</span>青海省委第一書記、中共甘肅省委書記的楊植霖。</span>&nbsp;抗戰(zhàn)期間在白塔車站經(jīng)歷了一場虎口脫險記。因為要寫回憶錄,二十多年前他曾故地重游來到白塔車站。他在《青山足跡</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">——</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">楊植霖回憶錄》(</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1995</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年,內(nèi)蒙古人民出版社出版)中曾經(jīng)描述到:</span></span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;抗戰(zhàn)時期一天黃昏時分,我便想到白塔車站附近去打聽一下,摸摸情況。這時天漸漸黑了下來,四處傳來陣陣蟲鳴。我警惕地摸到車站附近,發(fā)現(xiàn)滿站都是兵,我疑心是日偽軍的先頭部隊打來了,正想搞個清楚,猛然間身后竄出幾個人把我抓住,七拉八扯帶到了火車站的一間屋里。不容分說脫走了我的毛衣,把我僅有的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">50</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">元錢也搜走了,簡直就是強盜。問我是不是埋炸彈炸了他們,我莫名其妙,我說</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">不知道</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。那個搶我東西的兵一下子把子彈推上膛說:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">朋友,走,送你回老家。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”<br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">你開什么玩笑,快放我走!</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">我說。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">誰和你開玩笑,走!</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">說著往出推我,我想,這下碰上漢奸了,死也得死個明白,我就使勁拖住他,拼命喊:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">漢奸殺人啦!為什么隨便殺人</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">……”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">正在這時,從車站站長室走出一個當(dāng)官模樣的人,在場的人都稱他為旅長。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">此人喊到“放開他?!本瓦@樣楊植霖在白塔車站脫險。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;在解放戰(zhàn)爭期間中國賀龍、朱德率領(lǐng)的解放大軍也沿平綏鐵路挺進,平綏鐵路經(jīng)歷了解放綏遠的戰(zhàn)爭洗禮。平綏鐵路是一條有著光榮革命歷史的鐵路。</span></span></span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;卓資老車站雖然已經(jīng)退出了鐵路運輸?shù)臍v史舞臺,現(xiàn)在成了一個鐵路博物館,那些老物件、老照片陳列著與平綏鐵路相關(guān)的歷史記憶。</span></h3> <h3><span style="font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">如今平綏鐵路成為京包線,成為內(nèi)蒙通往全國的大通道。集寧已經(jīng)開通了高鐵、動車,京張高鐵也即將通車。夕日的老車站見證了中國鐵路現(xiàn)代化的進程,許多歷史往事留存在老站房里,在卓資老車站建了個鐵路博物館,雖然資料不夠豐富,但也留存了平綏鐵路的部分記憶,供人們憑吊歷史。在呼嘯而過的高鐵中感受時代快速發(fā)展的節(jié)奏。草原與北京的時空距離正在縮短,內(nèi)蒙古的交通發(fā)展速度與全國的距離正在縮短,一路風(fēng)景一路高歌,高鐵將帶著內(nèi)蒙古人繼續(xù)追夢!</span><br></h3>